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951.
分离出能高效降解机油的真菌并研究其使用方法.从机械润滑油污染的土中分离出2株真菌,GXUA和GXUB.形态鉴定为曲霉属(Aspergillus)菌.rDNA的ITS序列同源性分析表明,GXUA与A.tubingens,GXUB与A.fumigatus菌株SRRC 43完全同源.根据均匀设计的油-矿质液中的摇床发酵结果,混合菌体对机油的降解效率高于单菌株,最佳发酵条件为25 g菌丝体/L矿质液,pH=5.0,26 ℃.在此条件下,于10 g机油/L矿质液中摇床发酵9 d,其降解效率为95.90%.液-质色谱分析表明,混合菌能降解机油中700~900 Dt的大分子.用两菌株的孢子和其他两种生物材料试制了实验室级的颗粒(直径1 cm)生物制剂.在实验室级水平上,按500粒/m2水面和150粒/kg土用量分别处理具有约2 mm厚油膜的水(自来水和海水)和50 g机油/kg土的土壤,处理后的水和土壤中残余油量符合国家有关环境污染控制标准,添加油酸钠和H2O2能够显著提高降解效率. 相似文献
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采用温室栽培试验比较莴笋根际与非根际土壤pH、TOC、Pb化学形态和有效Pb含量的变化,研究根际土壤pH、TOC和Pb化学形态变化对土壤Pb有效性的影响,并为低分子有机酸作为提取剂研究土壤Pb植物有效性进行尝试.研究表明,与非根际土壤相比,莴笋根际土壤的pH降低,TOC含量增加.随着土壤Pb处理浓度的增加,根际土壤的酸化作用增强,TOC含量进一步增加.与非根际相比,根际交换态Pb含量较高.随着Pb(NO3)2添加量的增加,Pb的形态发生了由残渣态向碳酸盐态和交换态的转化.在土壤风干过程中,Pb的交换态、碳酸盐态和铁锰态增加.由于受到根际酸化作用和TOC结合的影响,根际土壤有效Pb含量高于非根际,并且随着Pb处理浓度的增加,有效铅含量增加.风干土壤有效Pb含量高于新鲜湿润土壤.根际土壤交换态和碳酸盐态Pb含量的变化影响根际土壤Pb有效性.与莴笋体内Pb含量的相关分析的结果表明,用低分子有机酸提取的莴笋根际新鲜湿润土壤中的Pb可以表征土壤Pb对莴笋的有效性. 相似文献
957.
Ecological effects of crude oil residues on the functional diversity of soil microorganisms in three weed rhizospheres 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Ecological effects of crude oil residues on weed rhizospheres are still vague. The quantitative and diversity changes and metabolic responses of soil-bacterial communities in common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), jerusalem artichoke (Silphiurn perfoliatum L.) and evening primrose (A colypha australis L.) rhizospheric soils were thus examined using the method of carbon source utilization. The results indicated that there were various toxic effects of crude oil residues on the growth and reproduction of soil bacteria, but the weed rhizospheres could mitigate the toxic effects. Total heterotrophic counting colony-forming units (CFUs) in the rhizospheric soils were significantly higher than those in the non-rhizospheric soils. The culturable soil-bacterial CFUs in the jerusalem artichoke (S. perfoliatum) rhizosphere polluted with 0.50 kg/pot of crude oil residues were almost twice as much as those with 0.25 kg/pot and without the addition of crude oil residues. The addition of crude oil residues increased the difference in substrate evenness, substrate richness, and substrate diversity between non-rhizospheric and rhizospheric soils of T. officinale and A. australis, but there was no significant (p〉0.05) difference in the Shannon's diversity index between non-rhizospheric and rhizospheric soils of S. perfoliatum. The rhizospheric response of weed species to crude oil residues suggested that S. perfoliatum may be a potential weed species for the effective plant-microorganism bioremediation of contaminated soils by crude oil residues. 相似文献
958.
This study reports the feasibility of remediation of a heavy metal (HM) contaminated soil using tartaric acid, an environmentally-friendly extractant. Batch experiments were performed to test the factors influencing remediation of the HM contaminated soil. An empirical model was employed to describe the kinetics of riM dissolution/desorption and to predict equilibrium concentrations of HMs in soil leachate. The changes of HMs in different fractions before and after tartaric acid treatment were also investigated. Tartaric acid solution containing HMs was regenerated by chestnut shells. Results show that utilization of tartaric acid was effective for removal of riMs from the contaminated soil, attaining 50%-60% of Cd, 40%-50% of Pb, 40%-50% of Cu and 20%-30% of Zn in the pH range of 3.5-4.0 within 24 h. Mass transfer coefficients for cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were much higher than those for copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). Sequential fractionations of treated and untreated soil samples showed that tartaric acid was effective in removing the exchangeable, carbonate fractions of Cd, Zn and Cu from the contaminated soil. The contents of Pb and Cu in Fe-Mn oxide fraciton were also significantly decreased by tartaric acid treatment. One hundred milliliters of tartaric acid solution containing HMs could be regenerated by 10 g chestnut shells in a batch reactor. Such a remediation procedure indicated that tartaric acid is a promising agent for remediation of HM contaminated soils. However, further research is needed before the method can be practically used for in situ remediation of contaminated sites. 相似文献
959.
建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测的内涵、缺陷及对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在环境换取经济增长向环境优化经济增长转变的新形势下,应拓展建设项目环境保护设施竣工验收监洲的内涵.指出目前的竣工验收监测对工业生产型建设项目的制约因素考虑不周、忽视了"三同时"的全过程、忽视了非工业生产型建设项目和区域性开发项目、忽视了无组织排放污染源.提出要创新治理设施竣工验收监测理念、优化竣工验收监测方法、强化竣工验收生态监洲技术的研究、开展区域性建设项目的验收监测. 相似文献
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